Question 1

When proteins and nucleic acids are broken down, the toxic products are collectively called _____ waste.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When proteins and nucleic acids are broken...

Question 2

When animals excrete nitrogenous waste, what form does it take?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  urea
C)  uric acid
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) None of the above
F) A) and C) D

Question 3

Fish in a marine environment must maintain a relatively constant ion concentration in their tissues and blood. How do the chloride cells in the gills aid fish in the removal of excess ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chloride cells create a countercurrent system where ions are lost from the body and water is absorbed to dilute other ions (NaCl) .
B)  The chloride cells create a countercurrent system where water is lost from the body and chloride ions are absorbed.
C)  The chloride cells actively move ions into the body and water follows by osmosis.
D)  The chloride cells actively remove ions from the body and water follows by osmosis.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Cells can regulate their internal osmotic pressure by controlling the solute concentration inside of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is permeable to water.
B)  It actively transports electrolytes.
C)  It is impermeable to water.
D)  Its filtrate is mainly urea.
E)  Its filtrate becomes more and more concentrated.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these choices are correct.
B)  elimination of toxic compounds
C)  regulation of water levels in the body
D)  regulation of electrolyte levels in the body
E)  regulation of blood pressureF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Osmosis is the movement of water:

Accepted Answer

A)  from lower water concentration to higher water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
B)  from higher water concentration to lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
C)  between equal water concentration levels across a selectively permeable membrane.
D)  from warmer areas to cooler areas across a selectively permeable membrane.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Freshwater fish:

Accepted Answer

A)  lose electrolytes across gills.
B)  gain water across gills.
C)  gain electrolytes across gills.
D)  gain electrolytes from drinking.
E)  lose water across gills.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C) A, B

Question 9

Marine fish:

Accepted Answer

A)  lose electrolytes across the gills.
B)  gain water across the gills.
C)  gain electrolytes across gills.
D)  gain electrolytes from drinking.
E)  lose water across gills.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 10

The basic unit of the kidney, the nephron, contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerulus.
B)  renal tubules.
C)  the collecting duct.
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  NaCl leaves the ascending limb of the loop of Henle through active transport.
B)  NaCl enters the ascending limb of the loop of Henle through diffusion.
C)  Water enters the descending limb of the loop of Henle through osmosis.
D)  Water leaves the descending limb of the loop of Henle through active transport.
E)  NaCl leaves the descending limb of the loop of Henle through active transport, and water enters the ascending limb of the loop of Henle through osmosis.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

What is the function of the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  It maintains the concentration gradient established by the loop of Henle.
B)  It helps determine the final concentration of the urine.
C)  It filters the blood within the glomerulus.
D)  It secretes the hormone renin in response to a drop in blood pressure.
E)  None of the answer options is correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

List the three major forms of nitrogenous waste in order from highest amount of water required for excretion to lowest amount of water required for excretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia, urea, uric acid
B)  ammonia, uric acid, urea
C)  urea, ammonia, uric acid
D)  urea, uric acid, ammonia
E)  uric acid, urea, ammoniaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus
B)  Bowman's capsule
C)  renal tubules
D)  collecting ducts
E)  Malpighian tubulesF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 15

A person's blood pressure falls. Which of the following would you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  circulating concentrations of renin will increase
B)  circulating concentrations of angiotensin II will decrease
C)  water uptake by the distal convoluted tubule will increase
D)  circulating concentrations of aldosterone will decreaseE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Marine fish have impermeable renal tubules, allowing them to reabsorb scarce electrolytes without also reabsorbing water they are trying to eliminate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Animals that match their internal osmotic pressures to the osmotic pressures of their external environments are called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Animals that match their internal osmotic pressures...

Question 18

Depending on their environments, animals may gain water:

Accepted Answer

A)  by drinking.
B)  from food.
C)  during cellular respiration.
D)  through their lungs.
E)  during excretion.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

A cockroach has a very "salty" meal. Which of the following would you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride ions will be pumped into the intestinal lumen.
B)  The cockroach will drink more water than usual.
C)  Excess water will be moved from the intestinal lumen to the hemolymph.
D)  Sodium ions will be moved into the intestinal lumen.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

List the three forms of nitrogenous waste in order from least energetically expensive to produce to most energetically expensive to produce.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid, urea, ammonia
B)  uric acid, ammonia, urea
C)  urea, uric acid, ammonia
D)  ammonia, uric acid, urea
E)  ammonia, urea, uric acidF) C) and D)
G) A) and B) E

Exam 41: Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

When proteins and nucleic acids are broken down, the toxic products are collectively called _____ waste.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When animals excrete nitrogenous waste, what form does it take?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Fish in a marine environment must maintain a relatively constant ion concentration in their tissues and blood. How do the chloride cells in the gills aid fish in the removal of excess ions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells can regulate their internal osmotic pressure by controlling the solute concentration inside of the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freshwater fish:

Correct AnswerverifiedA, B

Marine fish:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic unit of the kidney, the nephron, contains:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the vasa recta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three major forms of nitrogenous waste in order from highest amount of water required for excretion to lowest amount of water required for excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's blood pressure falls. Which of the following would you expect to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marine fish have impermeable renal tubules, allowing them to reabsorb scarce electrolytes without also reabsorbing water they are trying to eliminate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals that match their internal osmotic pressures to the osmotic pressures of their external environments are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depending on their environments, animals may gain water:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cockroach has a very "salty" meal. Which of the following would you expect to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three forms of nitrogenous waste in order from least energetically expensive to produce to most energetically expensive to produce.

Correct AnswerverifiedE

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A, B

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E