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The HIV genome is which of the following?


A) a single stranded DNA
B) a double stranded DNA
C) a single stranded RNA
D) a double stranded RNA

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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V(J) D recombination is associated with which of the following?


A) B cells
B) macrophages
C) T cells
D) all of these

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The monoclonal antibody drug Trastuzumab is used in the treatment of which disease?


A) breast cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
D) none of these

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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How many polypeptide chains does a T-cell receptor have?


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which level of protein structure is most useful in classifying cytokines?


A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state, If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent an inactivated vaccine? A)    B)    C)    D)  Any of these could represent an inactivated vaccine. which of the choices would represent an inactivated vaccine?


A) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent an inactivated vaccine? A)    B)    C)    D)  Any of these could represent an inactivated vaccine.
B) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent an inactivated vaccine? A)    B)    C)    D)  Any of these could represent an inactivated vaccine.
C) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent an inactivated vaccine? A)    B)    C)    D)  Any of these could represent an inactivated vaccine.
D) Any of these could represent an inactivated vaccine.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not a side effect of glucocorticoids?


A) diabetes
B) osteoporosis
C) skin atrophy
D) None, these are all side effects of glucocorticoids.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Plasma cells do which of the following?


A) directly attack the antigen
B) secrete additional antibodies
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Interferon is associated with the function of which of the following?


A) B cells
B) macrophages
C) NK cells
D) T cells

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which immunoglobulins play a part in allergic reactions such as asthma?


A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgM

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is true?


A) Both embryonic and adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.
B) Both embryonic and adult stem cells are usually multipotent.
C) Embryonic stem cells are usually pluripotent, but adult stem cells are usually multipotent.
D) Embryonic stem cells are usually multipotent, but adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following binds to residues on gp120 which cannot mutate very much?


A) b12
B) 2G12
C) p7
D) p17

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following cells have both activating and inhibitory receptors?


A) B cells
B) macrophages
C) T cells
D) all of these

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following bests describes the effort to find a vaccine against HIV?


A) Since the virus is known to mutate rapidly there is no interest in developing a vaccine.
B) There has been considerable research activity, but no clinical trials have been conducted.
C) The clinical trials have been failures.
D) A promising vaccine is currently available.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state, If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent the type of vaccine that might be the safest to use? A)    B)    C)    D)  All would have the same degree of risk. which of the choices would represent the type of vaccine that might be the safest to use?


A) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent the type of vaccine that might be the safest to use? A)    B)    C)    D)  All would have the same degree of risk.
B) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent the type of vaccine that might be the safest to use? A)    B)    C)    D)  All would have the same degree of risk.
C) If the following image depicts a virus in a weakened state,   which of the choices would represent the type of vaccine that might be the safest to use? A)    B)    C)    D)  All would have the same degree of risk.
D) All would have the same degree of risk.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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In a protein antigen, how many amino acids are necessary for the antigen to bind to a receptor on a T cell?


A) 1 or 2
B) 3 to 5
C) 5 to 7
D) 10 to 15

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which portion of a T-cell receptor is furthest from the cell membrane of the T cell?


A) the amino end of the constant domain
B) the amino end of the variable domain
C) the carboxylate end of the constant domain
D) the carboxylate end of the variable domain

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following will be recognized as foreign by the activating receptors of macrophages?


A) lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria
B) peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Plasma cells are derived from which type of cells?


A) B cells
B) helper T cells
C) macrophages
D) memory T cells

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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In HIV the protease and reverse transcriptase are enclosed by which of the following?


A) the p17 matrix
B) the p24 capsid
C) gp41
D) gp120

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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