Question 1

Responding is reliably increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  both rewards and operant reinforcers.
B)  rewards.
C)  operant reinforcers.
D)  neither rewards nor operant reinforcers.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Operant conditioning involves voluntary responses being emitted by the animal or person and is also known as _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

instrumental

Question 3

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  response cost.
D)  aversive punishment.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

While shopping with you,your niece begs for a toy and then has a temper tantrum in the store.If you buy her a toy,you are

Accepted Answer

A)  using respondent conditioning.
B)  using classical conditioning.
C)  encouraging more tantrums.
D)  discouraging more destructive behaviors.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction.
B)  fading.
C)  shaping.
D)  secondary transfer.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning occur before the response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

We pick up phones that are ringing,but rarely answer phones that are silent,which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  occur after the response.
B)  occur before the response.
C)  occur simultaneously with the response.
D)  are unrelated to the response except during extinction.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Define discriminative stimuli,and provide two real-life examples of its use.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that discriminative stimuli is stimuli that precede rewarded and non-rewarded responses in operant conditioning.Examples will vary,but may include the use of stimuli that allow us to discriminate among different brands of cars,different types of music,or different Answer:s on a psychology test.Another discriminative stimuli are the red and green traffic lights that indicate when it is safe to cross the intersection.A police car is also a discriminative stimulus that indicates that you are likely to get a ticket if you speed,tailgate,or improperly change lanes.Animal trainers use hand signals as discriminative stimuli to control the performance of the animals.Using different ring tones on a cell phone would also be an example of using discriminative stimuli in which you use one ring tone for people you want to speak to,one for people you do not,and another for calls from strangers.Lastly,"sniffer" dogs that locate drugs and explosives at airports and border crossings are taught to respond and bark to these dangerous stimuli and not to nonhazardous ones.

Question 10

A dog participating in dog agility training must navigate a variety of obstacles,such as jumping over hurdles,walking over seesaws,and running through tunnels with its trainer only able to reinforce the dog with a snack or hug after the dog completes the entire sequence.This dog training is accomplished through

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization.
B)  fixed action patterns.
C)  programmed instruction.
D)  response chaining.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In operant conditioning,any event that reliably increases the probability or frequency of the response it follows is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  operant stimulus.
B)  operant reinforcer.
C)  response facilitator.
D)  conditioned stimulus.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

A young boy has been told by his father not to go near the street.The boy looks at his father and then runs toward the busy street.His father catches the young boy before he makes it to the street and spanks him for this misbehavior.The young boy stops going near the street due to the consequence known as

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  response cost.
C)  positive punishment.
D)  negative punishment.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Accepted Answer

A)  leads to a desirable consequence.
B)  leads to the removal of an unpleasant event.
C)  leads to an undesirable consequence.
D)  is ignored.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

A puppy has begun to cry and bark in order to be let into the house.To extinguish this response,you would

Accepted Answer

A)  let the puppy in the house.
B)  ignore the crying,letting the puppy in when quiet.
C)  swat the puppy with a newspaper whenever it cried.
D)  let the puppy in when it cries,then swat it with a newspaper.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

A child who is a model of behavior when his parents are present,but who becomes uncontrollable when the babysitter arrives,is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  operant stimulus discrimination.
B)  the power of delayed reinforcement.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  operant stimulus generalization.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

If you make a snide remark to the school bully and you get "beat up," you will be less likely to make another snide remark to this bully due to the consequence known as

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive punishment.
C)  negative punishment.
D)  response cost.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Anthony wears his lucky socks every time he has a baseball game because the socks were accidentally paired with a good RBI.Anthony's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned response.
B)  a superstitious behavior.
C)  a primary reinforcer.
D)  successive approximations.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

A politician who irritates you is being interviewed on the evening news.You change channels so you won't have to listen to him.Your channel changing is

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforced.
B)  a form of punishment.
C)  positively reinforced.
D)  a type of response cost.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above A

Question 19

Sieta wants to teach her daughter to say "Please" when she asks for something,so she decides to only comply with her daughter's request for something when her daughter says "Please." Thus,Sieta's compliance to her daughter's request is

Accepted Answer

A)  the conditioned stimulus.
B)  a token.
C)  a negative reinforcer.
D)  response contingent.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both have aversive qualities.
B)  They both have unpredictable qualities.
C)  They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies.
D)  They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Responding is reliably increased by

Correct Answer
verified

Operant conditioning involves voluntary responses being emitted by the animal or person and is also known as _______ learning.

Correct Answer
verified
instrumental

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

While shopping with you,your niece begs for a toy and then has a temper tantrum in the store.If you buy her a toy,you are

Correct Answer
verified

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is called

Correct Answer
verified

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning occur before the response.

Correct Answer
verified

We pick up phones that are ringing,but rarely answer phones that are silent,which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Correct Answer
verified

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning

Correct Answer
verified

Define discriminative stimuli,and provide two real-life examples of its use.

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,any event that reliably increases the probability or frequency of the response it follows is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Correct Answer
verified

A puppy has begun to cry and bark in order to be let into the house.To extinguish this response,you would

Correct Answer
verified

A child who is a model of behavior when his parents are present,but who becomes uncontrollable when the babysitter arrives,is demonstrating

Correct Answer
verified

If you make a snide remark to the school bully and you get "beat up," you will be less likely to make another snide remark to this bully due to the consequence known as

Correct Answer
verified

Anthony wears his lucky socks every time he has a baseball game because the socks were accidentally paired with a good RBI.Anthony's behavior is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

A politician who irritates you is being interviewed on the evening news.You change channels so you won't have to listen to him.Your channel changing is

Correct Answer
verified
A

Sieta wants to teach her daughter to say "Please" when she asks for something,so she decides to only comply with her daughter's request for something when her daughter says "Please." Thus,Sieta's compliance to her daughter's request is

Correct Answer
verified

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Responding is reliably increased by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning involves voluntary responses being emitted by the animal or person and is also known as _______ learning.

Correct Answerverifiedinstrumental

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While shopping with you,your niece begs for a toy and then has a temper tantrum in the store.If you buy her a toy,you are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning occur before the response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We pick up phones that are ringing,but rarely answer phones that are silent,which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Thorndike's law of effect,events critical for conditioning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define discriminative stimuli,and provide two real-life examples of its use.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,any event that reliably increases the probability or frequency of the response it follows is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A puppy has begun to cry and bark in order to be let into the house.To extinguish this response,you would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child who is a model of behavior when his parents are present,but who becomes uncontrollable when the babysitter arrives,is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you make a snide remark to the school bully and you get "beat up," you will be less likely to make another snide remark to this bully due to the consequence known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anthony wears his lucky socks every time he has a baseball game because the socks were accidentally paired with a good RBI.Anthony's behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A politician who irritates you is being interviewed on the evening news.You change channels so you won't have to listen to him.Your channel changing is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Sieta wants to teach her daughter to say "Please" when she asks for something,so she decides to only comply with her daughter's request for something when her daughter says "Please." Thus,Sieta's compliance to her daughter's request is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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