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Discounting the future refers to:


A) valuing long-term benefits and costs more heavily than short-term benefits and costs.
B) overestimating the long-term effects of the decision.
C) underestimating the short-term effects of the decision.
D) valuing short-term benefits and costs more heavily than longer-term benefits and costs.
E) making quick decisions with whatever information is at hand.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Explain the four advantages of using a group to make a decision.

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Which of the following statements about creativity is true?


A) The fundamental unit of value in the creative revolution is artistic ability.
B) Joining two unrelated things into an idea is a creative trait.
C) Creativity and academic excellence are closely linked.
D) Employees tend to be more creative if a tight deadline is set.
E) Creativity cannot be developed or nurtured,it is an inborn trait.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Following all six stages of the decision-making process guarantees successful decisions.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an element of an effective plan for crisis management?


A) A communication plan that indicates that the company is in complete control
B) Competitive actions to bounce back immediately
C) Psychological and cultural actions for the human and emotional toll
D) A template for a press statement,to be released before details are leaked
E) A method to quickly distance the company from the crisis

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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In Scenario A,the manager's decision about interviewing applicants for two open part-time positions and hiring them is an example of a _____ decision.


A) vigilant
B) nonprogrammed
C) programmed
D) satisficing
E) non-vigilant

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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The incremental model of decision making occurs when managers make small decisions and move cautiously toward a bigger solution.

A) True
B) False

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Barriers to effective decision making include psychological biases,time pressures,and social realities.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decisions?


A) The decisions tend to be satisficing.
B) There is a much smaller pool of information.
C) The employees are not intellectually stimulated.
D) There are multiple perspectives to the decision.
E) There is more transparency among employees.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In trying to make a conflict between two employees less personal and emotional,their manager asks each of them to approach the problem from a different viewpoint than their original one.This is an example of encouraging the use of _____.


A) cognitive conflict
B) affective conflict
C) psychological conflict
D) custom-made solutions
E) groupthink

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The vice president of marketing declares that her people disagree on goals and have now formed groups to advocate for their own interests.Her managers are using _____.


A) bounded rationality
B) the incremental model
C) the garbage can model
D) the coalitional model
E) the crisis model

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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In order to be creative,a brainstorming session must:


A) be free of criticism.
B) be among top management.
C) be done as fast as possible.
D) have 15 people or more.
E) involve industry experts.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The three requirements for effective group decision making are an appropriate leadership style,the constructive use of disagreement and conflict,and the enhancement of creativity.

A) True
B) False

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The president of Effectively Organized Inc.responds most positively to the model that is the most cautious.She explains that the budget process is the easiest decision for her because she breaks it into smaller pieces and builds the decisions as she goes.Which of the following models does the president seem to prefer?


A) Bounded rationality
B) The incremental model
C) The garbage can model
D) The coalitional model
E) The crisis model

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following decisions is likely to be a programmed decision?


A) Decisions about diversification into new products and markets
B) Decisions with uncertainty regarding cause-and-effect relationships
C) Decisions about reorganization of state government agencies
D) Decisions regarding periodic reorders of inventory
E) Decisions involving the purchase of experimental equipment

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Complimenting one another and telling stories are examples of behaviors that can make brainstorming less effective.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the three requirements of effectively managing group decision making.

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Discuss the various ways of generating alternative solutions in a decision-making process.

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The _____ model of decision making arises when two or more groups form,each representing a different preference,and each tries to use power and negotiation to sway the decision.


A) bounded rationality
B) incremental
C) garbage can
D) coalitional
E) affective rationality

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following is the best example of a manager discounting the future?


A) A manager believing that he or she can control the outcome of any decision
B) A manager planning for the long-term stability of a company
C) A manager depending on programmed decisions for all issues
D) A manager framing the decision alternatives to influence selection
E) A manager focusing on quarterly profits instead of the long-term vision

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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