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Exam 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior

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Question 21

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The distinction between basic research and applied research is that basic research:

A) relies on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology, whereas applied research relies on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology.
B) relies on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology, whereas applied research relies on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology.
C) focuses on fundamental questions, often of a theoretical nature, whereas applied research focuses on identifying and resolving practical problems.
D) focuses on identifying and resolving practical problems, whereas applied research focuses on fundamental questions, often of a theoretical nature.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 22

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According to Cook and Campbell, what are the three types of evidence used to identify the cause of a behavior?

A) Temporal precedence, covariation of cause and effect, and alternative explanations
B) Alternative explanations, positive linear relationship, and construct validity
C) Internal consistency reliability, item-total correlation, and covariation of cause and effect
D) Facilitated communication, alternate forms reliability, and falsifiability

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 23

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Isaac has decided to purchase several copies of a new children's book because he has a feeling that the availability of this book will be scarce in the future. Which of the following best explains Isaac's behavior?

Determining the cause of behavior is an important goal of behavioral science because:

Which of the following is an important consideration that people in all organizations too often fail to remember when new ideas are implemented?

Which characteristic of scientific inquiry emphasizes that if an idea is falsified when it is tested, science is thereby advanced because this result will spur the development of new and better ideas?

Identify the first thing to be asked to a person who claims to be a scientist before accepting what he or she has to say.

The four goals of scientific research on behavior are to:

Kenneth knows that when Jeremy drinks alcohol, he becomes very talkative. This identification of a cause of behavior exemplifies:

Prediction of behavior involves:

Sharon wishes to identify the food items that are purchased most frequently in the student cafeteria, and, for the purpose, she observes the students' purchasing patterns. This scenario exemplifies the goal of science to:

Which of the following goals of science is the most important for changing behavior?

Which of the following is the final goal of behavioral science?

Dr. Roussel conducts research to determine whether or not an after-school program improves school performance in fifth-grade children. Dr. Roussel is most likely engaged in _____.

Many people readily accept anything they learn from religious figures or government officials because of their belief in _____.

In the context of the goals of behavioral research, the statement "People eat more when they are alone than when they are with friends" exemplifies _____ behavior.

Of the four goals of behavioral science, description of behavior involves:

Which of the following has influenced U.S. Supreme Court decisions related to juvenile crime?

Administrators at the county's juvenile hall have implemented a reward program to decrease disruptive behavior during meal times. The scientific approach would primarily dictate that the program:

Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of the information exemplifies a belief in _____.