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Roe v.Wade is a good example of


A) judicial activism because it was based on a constitutional right to privacy that is not found in the actual words of the Constitution.
B) judicial restraint because it was based on a strict reading of the actual words discussing the right to privacy in the Constitution.
C) judicial review because it upheld a law enacted by a state government.
D) a class-action lawsuit because it affected more than a single person.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The process of confirming federal court appointments has recently become contentious.Describe the steps to becoming a federal judge and the considerations involved in who is nominated.Why has this process become so controversial in recent years? Provide some examples of this conflict in the confirmation process.

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When a U.S.court of appeals asks the Supreme Court for instructions on a point of law that has never been decided it is called a writ of


A) habeas corpus.
B) appeal.
C) certification.
D) certiorari.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Section 1983 of the U.S.Code is significant because it


A) defines the formal requirements of becoming a judge in the federal court system.
B) expands the ability of federal judges to issue "consent decrees," under which the judges could take control of state prison systems.
C) limits the ability of federal judges to issue "consent decrees," under which the judges could take control of state prison systems.
D) encourages individuals and groups to bring their problems to the courts rather than to Congress or the executive branch.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Each year, the Supreme Court receives about ________ appeals and hears about ________ of them in full court.


A) 1,000; 500
B) 200; 10
C) 9,000; 80
D) 12,000; 300

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is the MOST frequent and best-known action of Supreme Court justices in their role as circuit justices?


A) vetting cases for the Supreme Court
B) hearing challenges to state laws
C) reviewing requests for stays of execution
D) overturning laws passed by Congress

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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One example of ________ is the fact that a lawsuit filed by California against Nevada over river pollution goes directly before the Supreme Court.


A) stare decisis
B) granting a writ of certiorari
C) original jurisdiction
D) appellate jurisdiction

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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There are ________ U.S.district courts.


A) 50
B) 94
C) 200
D) 434

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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