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Exam 23: Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Tracts

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Question 1

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The recombinant HPV vaccine Gardasil offers protection against various serotypes of HPV;it is also known as an anticancer vaccine.Speculate as to why it is referred to as an anticancer vaccine.

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Gardasil is a vaccine that targets the s...

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Question 2

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Why are yeast infections more difficult for clinicians to treat than bacterial infections?

A) Yeast infections are caused by intracellular pathogens.
B) Yeast cells are multi-drug resistant.
C) There are not as many drugs to treat yeast.
D) Yeast infections are caused by Candida species, which are eukaryotic in nature.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

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Someone is said to have a primary HSV infection when the

Which of the following is caused by Chlamydia?

Which of the following is true about urine production?

All of the following explain why women get urinary tract infections more often than men EXCEPT

Which of the following is considered to be part of the upper urinary system?

Which of the following recurs at the initial site of infection?

Please circle the parts of this figure that are affected by pelvic inflammatory disease.Then discuss the long-term consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of

Trichomoniasis is caused by a

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

Nearly 70% of patients seen in STI clinics are men.Offer a reason why men are more likely to seek treatment than women.Why is it important that women seek treatment for STIs?

CASE HISTORY Lashandra is 24 years old and had been experiencing increased frequency of urination and dysuria (pain or burning with urination) over the previous three days.This was the first time Lashandra had ever suffered from persisting dysuria.She consulted her general practitioner,who requested a midstream specimen of urine.Upon microscopic examination,the urine was found to contain more than 50 leukocytes/_l (normal is fewer than 5) and 35 red blood cells/_l (normal is 3-20) .Epithelial cells from the urogenital area contaminate a midstream specimen if the specimen is not collected properly.No squamous epithelial cells (skin cells) were seen,indicating a well-collected midstream catch.The urine culture plated on agar medium yielded more than 105 colonies/ml (meaning more than 105 organisms/ml in the urine) of a facultative,anaerobic,Gram-negative bacillus that can ferment lactose. Which would NOT likely describe Lashandra's infection?

The vaginal pH is maintained by the species Lactobacillus,which produces ________.

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen?

Which of the following is NOT considered a clinical progression of an HIV infection?

This figure shows a nephron.Please label the following on the figure and explain the steps involved in the production of urine. · Glomerulus · Bowman's capsule · Collecting duct · Blood capillaries

All of the following can cause non-sexually transmitted infections of the reproductive tract EXCEPT

Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents?