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Interleukin-1 secretion causes


A) an allergic response.
B) an antibody response.
C) a fever.
D) cytokine secretion.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which response is slower but more specific for a pathogen?


A) Innate defenses
B) Adaptive defenses
C) Nonspecific defenses
D) Inborn defenses

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Aging of the lymphatic system begins


A) before birth.
B) at birth.
C) shortly after birth.
D) after age 50.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide


A) naturally acquired active immunity.
B) artificially acquired active immunity.
C) artificially acquired passive immunity.
D) naturally acquired passive immunity.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. As a result, the lymph nodes in his ________ enlarge.


A) cervical region
B) thoracic region
C) inguinal region
D) supratrochlear region

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In active immunity, a person becomes immune to a pathogen as a result of having a disease.

A) True
B) False

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A vaccine against HIV


A) is available for those who can afford it.
B) may be impossible due to the variability and diversity of HIV.
C) consists of cocktails of drugs taken daily.
D) prevents opportunistic infections.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is


A) larger.
B) more dangerous.
C) not capable of reproduction outside a living cell.
D) multicellular.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephanie's right arm


A) loses its blood supply.
B) receives too much blood and swells.
C) becomes edematous.
D) loses tissue fluid.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A person's cardiac tissue can be damaged due to what type of immune response?


A) Specific immunity
B) Innate immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) Passive immunity

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are


A) lymphocytes and macrophages.
B) neutrophils and lymphocytes.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) lymphocytes and monocytes.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response?


A) Phagocytosis
B) Inflammation
C) Production of antibodies
D) Synthesis of defensins

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Two mechanical barriers to infection are interferon and inflammation.

A) True
B) False

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The foreign, or "non-self" substances that trigger immune responses are called ________.

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The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the


A) hand.
B) wrist.
C) elbow.
D) axillary region.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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A genetic mutation stops T cells and macrophages from producing cytokines. Which of the following immune compounds will not be produced?


A) Antibodies and antigens
B) Colony stimulating factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor
C) Autoantibodies and immunosuppressants
D) Histamine and leukotrienes

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for the infection known as mononucleosis. The virus attacks B lymphocytes and uses them to replicate itself. When the immune system manages to halt EBV production, the virus still remains dormant in infected B cells for the rest of the life of the host. In which of the following locations would you most likely find dormant EBV (in a previously infected person) ?


A) The eyes
B) The spleen
C) The stomach
D) The hair

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If lymph nodes existed without macrophages, the lymph nodes would lose the ability to


A) remove excess fluid from the body.
B)  manufacture lymphocytes.
C) prevent edema in the tissues of the body.
D) clear cellular debris and initiate immune responses.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A primary immune response ________, and a secondary immune response ________.


A) is very important; is less important to the body's ability to protect itself
B) produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen
C) is very rapid in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens; is very slow in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens
D) occurs only in children; occurs only in adults

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Older red blood cells may be destroyed in the spleen.

A) True
B) False

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