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The results of research on group membership and persuasion has shown that:


A) People usually process out-group messages more systematically than in-group messages.
B) In-group members need to be present in order to conform to group norms.
C) Strong out-group messages have more of an impact on decision-making than weak out-group messages.
D) Messages from in-group members can influence people at a superficial level.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is the difference between public and private conformity? Give a real world example of each type of conformity.

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Public conformity occurs when people res...

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In a study by Liljenquist, Galinsky, & Kray (2004) , participants were asked to work together to solve a murder mystery. In which of the following conditions were the participants best able to identify the culprit?


A) In the condition in which the participants initially knew a lot of the same information.
B) In the condition in which some of the information was known by only a single participant.
C) In the condition in which a subset of individual group members first performed a critical thinking task.
D) In the condition in which all of the group members first performed a critical thinking task.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Max has been accused of sideswiping a parked car. Based on the study by Kassin and Keichel (1996) , in which of the following situations will Max be most likely to believe that he is guilty of this crime?


A) If there were no witnesses and Max was in no hurry on the day in question.
B) If there were witnesses who saw a car just like Max's sideswipe the car and Max was in a hurry on the day in question.
C) If the police who question Max accuse him of sideswiping the car and say they have evidence to prove that he is guilty.
D) Max will only confess his guilt if he remembers actually sideswiping the car.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Individuals from collectivistic cultures are more likely to conform to in-group members than out-group members.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements about group polarization is TRUE?


A) Groups tend to make riskier decisions than individuals.
B) Groups tend to make more conservative decisions than individuals.
C) Group polarization can occur among those who are processing superficially and those who are processing systematically.
D) All of the above

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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As shown in the Asch line studies, as more and more people agree with the group, the rate of conformity increases exponentially.

A) True
B) False

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Asch conducted many different variations of his famous line study. He showed that conformity was first at its highest when:


A) 1 confederate gave the wrong answer.
B) 2 confederates gave the same wrong answer.
C) 3 confederates gave the same wrong answer.
D) 10 confederates gave the same wrong answer.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Public conformity is the most dangerous threat to the ideal of consensus.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements about culture and conformity is true?


A) Conformity does not occur in individualistic cultures.
B) People primed with a collectivistic mindset are more likely to conform.
C) Conformity is seen much more negatively in collectivistic cultures.
D) All of the above.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The type of conformity seen in the Asch line study would not happen today.

A) True
B) False

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Research on social neuroscience and conformity has shown which of the following results?


A) People's perceptions of faces are influenced by the judgments of others.
B) Conformity impacts our brain activity.
C) Social influence can impact our unconscious processing of information.
D) All of the above.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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__________ social norms are what a group of people think, feel or do. In contrast, __________ social norms are what a group of people should think, feel or do.


A) Descriptive; injunctive
B) Injunctive; descriptive
C) Informational; normative
D) Normative; informational

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The study by Moscovici and colleagues (1969) in which participants were asked to make color judgments in the presence of 2 dissenting confederates showed that minority group members will be most influential when:


A) They emphasize their similarities to the majority group.
B) They emphasize their differences from the majority group.
C) They maintain a consistent stance over time.
D) They offer their own unique judgments.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Members of a minority group have learned that they are making less than members of the majority group for the same work. In order to achieve equal pay for equal work, the minority group members should do all but which of the following (i.e., what should the minority group members NOT do) ?


A) The minority group members should show how different they are from the majority group.
B) The minority group members should agree amongst themselves.
C) The minority group members should maintain a consistent stance over time.
D) The minority group should consist of at least 2 or 3 members.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Justine recently joined a gym for the first time. After working out with a personal trainer, Justine has learned a lot and has decided to follow her trainer's recommendations to add more cardio to her work-out. Justine now runs at the gym and she runs through her neighborhood on days that she can't get to the gym. Because Justine truly believes what her trainer has taught her, this is an example of ________.


A) private conformity
B) public conformity
C) false consensus
D) pluralistic ignorance

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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People from individualistic cultures conform more than people from collectivistic cultures.

A) True
B) False

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In the line study, Asch measured the extent to which the real participant conformed after a group of confederates gave the same wrong answer. He showed that the rate of conformity decreased when:


A) One of the confederates went against the rest of the group and gave the correct answer.
B) One of the confederates went against the rest of the group and gave a different wrong answer.
C) Two confederates went against the rest of the group.
D) All of the above

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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__________ occurs when individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behavior converge upon a group norm.


A) Groupthink
B) Group polarization
C) Conformity
D) Pluralistic ignorance

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Most of the time, a lone dissenter can sway the opinions of those in the majority.

A) True
B) False

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