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Jet lag results when travelers experience a lack of synchronization between the local time of the place they have traveled to and their __________.

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Stage fright or "choking" in sports illustrate that emotions


A) are not linked with adaptive behaviors.
B) can have negative effects.
C) are classified as learned motives.
D) are always disruptive.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In body language, relaxation is communicated by


A) casual positioning of arms and legs.
B) leaning back, if sitting.
C) spreading of the arms and legs.
D) all of these positions.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Nariko is a college student, who enjoys taking challenging classes so that she can learn skills that will be helpful to her in the future. Although she has high A's in all of her courses, she strives to do the best she can on every test and assignment because it is important to her to meet her own standards of excellence. Nariko has a high need for


A) achievement.
B) power.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) all of these.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Shayna gorges on food and then vomits or takes laxatives to avoid gaining weight. Shayna would most likely be diagnosed with __________.

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Regarding hunger, thirst is


A) considered to be a biological motive.
B) affected by learning and cultural values.
C) regulated by the part of the brain known as the hypothalamus.
D) characterized by all of these statements.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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You are walking down a deserted alley late at night, and you hear a sudden noise to your left. Your sympathetic nervous system prepares your body for fight or flight, and you experience fear. Just before you turn to run, however, you see a cat race away from the trash can he was digging in. "Oh, that was the noise," you think. Instead of experiencing fear, you laugh wildly at what you had imagined was coming after you in the alley. This set of events is best described by which theory of emotion?


A) the common sense theory
B) the James-Lange theory
C) Schachter's cognitive theory
D) the Cannon-Bard theory

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Regarding facial expressions, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) A facial blend is a mixture of two or more basic expressions.
B) The face can produce thousands of different expressions, which makes it the most expressive part of your body.
C) The basic emotional expressions appear to be fairly universal.
D) A frown is the most universal and easily recognized facial expression of emotion.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Regarding factors that influence eating, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) The availability of a variety of tasty foods can lead to overeating and obesity in societies where such foods are plentiful.
B) Leptin tends to enhance the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes.
C) If you eat too much of any particular food, it will become less appealing.
D) The presence of others can affect whether people overeat or undereat depending on how much everyone else is eating and how important it is to impress them.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Overeating tends to be encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT for


A) the larger food portions.
B) taking less time to eat.
C) the sweetness or high fat content.
D) a lack of variety in one's foods.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The area of the brain that contains both a feeding center and the satiety center is the __________.

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To prevent test anxiety before each test, you should imagine going blank, running out of time, or feeling panicked and then calmly plan how you will handle each situation.

A) True
B) False

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If the nerve carrying information between your stomach and brain were severed, you would still feel hungry and would eat regularly.

A) True
B) False

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According to self-determination theory, when you freely choose to do something for enjoyment or to improve your abilities, your motivation is usually


A) extrinsic.
B) intrinsic.
C) homeostatic.
D) nonexistent.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Your body's tendency to maintain equilibrium is similar to which of the following in your home?


A) a thermostat
B) a rechargeable battery
C) a smoke detector
D) an electric generator

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Regarding drives, which of the following statements is TRUE?


A) The strength of drives may differ from that of the need on which they are based.
B) A drive is a biological state induced by internal incentives.
C) Drives may be activated by responses as well as by needs.
D) Drives result from satisfying a goal.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Charles Darwin and psychologists consider human emotional expressions


A) an adaptive means of communicating one's feelings to others.
B) to be learned through classical conditioning.
C) outside of the determining forces of evolution.
D) totally unique and different than the expressions exhibited by other species.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The desire to have impact or control over others is called the need for


A) achievement.
B) power.
C) self-actualization.
D) arousal.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Taste aversions develop through


A) cognitive learning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) classical conditioning.
D) behavioral dieting.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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With regard to various foods, cultural values tend to greatly affect their


A) incentive value.
B) homeostatic value.
C) drive potential.
D) set point potential.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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