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Which group believed that only a Muslim free of sin was to be the caliph?


A) Shi'ite
B) Dhimmis
C) Sunni
D) Kharijites
E) Umma

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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What type of rule did the caliphs establish after Muhammad's death?


A) Islamic oligarchy
B) Islamic monarchy
C) Arab Islamic theocracy
D) secular Democracy
E) Arab Islamic dictatorship

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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After Muhammad's death, ____________________ was selected as caliph because of his close relationship to the prophet.

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Abu Bakr

What happened to Islam as a result of Muhammad's death?


A) persecution for his followers
B) an uncertainty as to how to go about recording his verbal teachings
C) a sharp division among the faithful as to how future leaders should be selected, and what their qualifications should be
D) a great deal of concern among the faithful that God might no longer bless them
E) the selection of Omar as the first caliph

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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C

Term for identification: hajj

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The term "Hajj" refers to the Islamic pi...

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The pilgrimage to Mecca is referred to as the ____________________.

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The last orthodox caliph, according to Shi'ites, was ____________________.

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Term for identification: jihad

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The term "jihad" is an Arabic word that ...

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Term for identification: Hijra

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The term "Hijra" refers to a traditional...

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In 733 C.E., where was the spread of the Islamic empire in western Europe halted?


A) Córdoba, Spain
B) Lyons, France
C) Madrid, Spain
D) Cairo, Egypt
E) Tours, France

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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The basic ideas of Islam are expressed in the ____________________, which were used in winning converts because of their simplistic and ritualistic nature.

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Five Pilla...

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How were Christian and Jewish merchants as well as artists treated as conquered subjects of the Muslims?


A) paid extremely high taxes to the occupiers
B) were, for the most part, able to carry on their daily lives much as they had before
C) were excluded from the international trade networks
D) received less business than did their Muslim neighbors
E) were especially pressured to convert to Islam

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Define and explain the main doctrines of Islam. Examine its popularity and the overall religious context of the Middle East in 622 C.E.

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Answers would include a discus...

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When did Muhammad have a religious awakening?


A) as a result of a childhood experience
B) in his middle years, after a series of visions
C) in response to the Christian conquest of Mecca
D) after an encounter with a wandering holy man
E) after his rejection of the Jewish faith

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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B

What is the literal meaning of the Arabic word Islam ?


A) submission
B) holy war
C) conversion
D) son of Allah
E) acceptance

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of these statements is true of jihad ?


A) Jihad means to strive against the desire for worldly goods.
B) All Muslims are commanded by God to participate in jihads .
C) Participating in a jihad was one way for young men to attain adulthood.
D) A jihad always involved a military holy war.
E) Dying in a jihad assured one of an eternal reward.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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What is the religious shrine that contains the Black Stone that God gave to Ibrahim?


A) the Hijra
B) the Mawali
C) Sayf Allah
D) the Blue Mosque
E) the Ka'ba

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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What event led to the founding of the Umayyad Dynasty?


A) The Muslim world devolved into civil war.
B) The Abbasid Dynasty lost power.
C) The Kharijites lost power.
D) The Sunni sect lost some of its influence.
E) The murder of the Fourth Caliph.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following statements defines the umma?


A) It was a collection of Muhammad's writings.
B) It was a set of law codes based on the Qur'an.
C) It was the Islamic leaders after Muhammad.
D) It was a Muslim community founded by Muhammad.
E) It was a single family unit.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Discuss life of non-Muslims under the control of Muslims. How were these non-Muslims incorporated into the political and economic aspects of Islam?

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Answers would include who was considered...

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