A) attempts at political reform.
B) attempts to roll back earlier political reform.
C) leadership during the Iran-Iraq war.
D) role in restarting Iran's nuclear weapons program.
F) C) and D)
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A) efforts at top-down modernization in Iran.
B) attempt to make Iranian politics more consistent with Shia beliefs.
C) effort to create a secular and democratic Iran.
D) hostility toward the United States in favor of other Middle Eastern states.
F) All of the above
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A) The supreme leader failed to demonstrate support for any individual candidate, freeing up Rouhani to dominate the field.
B) Rouhani took a hard line on the nuclear issue during the campaign phase, arguing that Iran should publicly pursue a weapons program.
C) Rouhani's previous 2005-2007 term as president was fondly remembered by many Iranians, giving him a boost against more inexperienced candidates.
D) Rouhani openly repudiated Islam in the final stages of the election, arguing for a purely secular government.
F) B) and C)
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A) the attempts at modernization led by the shah in the 1960s.
B) the overthrow of the monarchy and the creation of the Islamic Republic.
C) the overthrow of Iran's democratically elected government in 1953.
D) the conservative backlash following the green movement in 2009.
F) B) and C)
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A good answer will note that the discove...View Answer
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A) the removal of Reza Khan by the British in 1941.
B) the seizure of the American embassy in 1979.
C) the first policies of land reform under the White Revolution in 1963.
D) the U.S.-UK covert program that was instrumental in the overthrow of Mohammad Mosaddeq.
F) A) and C)
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A) U.S.destruction of terrorist training camps
B) Israeli embargoes against Iranian oil exports
C) preemptive Israeli military attack on Iran's nuclear program
D) conventional military engagements between Iranian and Egyptian forces
F) A) and B)
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A) vetoing legislation
B) dissolving the legislature
C) selecting a cabinet of ministers
D) controlling the military
F) C) and D)
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A) The prime minister ultimately opposed the party's goals.
B) It had the support of the Expediency Council but not the Guardian Council.
C) It only controlled the Majlis and the presidency, both of which were relatively weak institutions.
D) It couldn't win a majority in the Majlis and couldn't form a coalition.
F) B) and D)
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A) those fundamentalist Shia who reject the Koran over the worship of the hidden imam.
B) the belief in clerical rule that gives political power to religious leaders.
C) the core belief of quietist Shia that politics and faith must not be mixed.
D) the belief in economic redistribution as consistent with the Koran's emphasis on social justice.
F) B) and D)
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