Question 1

In higher-order conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus and response are actually previously conditioned stimuli and responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is descriptive of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   An association is formed between a response and its consequence.
B)   The response acquired is usually an involuntary or reflexive response.
C)   The responses acquired are usually emotional reactions.
D)   The subject is usually passive.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Sirens on police cars, fire trucks, and ambulances do not sound exactly alike, but because of ________ we react similarly to them.

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination
B)   spontaneous recovery
C)   generalization
D)   extinctionE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

In classical conditioning, which element functions as a signal?

Accepted Answer

A)   the unconditioned stimulus
B)   the conditioned response
C)   the conditioned stimulus
D)   the unconditioned responseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Classical conditioning has a role in all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation.
B)   drug tolerance.
C)   reactions to advertising.
D)   sexual arousal.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

What is behaviour modification?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour modification involves the syst...

Question 7

Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

Accepted Answer

A)   extinguish bad habits.
B)   control the frequency of reinforcement.
C)   learn new behaviours.
D)   escape or avoid punishment.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Extinction requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus presentations
B)   conditioned stimulus-only presentations
C)   unconditioned stimulus-only presentations
D)   no presentations of either conditioned or unconditioned stimuliE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

In Overmeier and Seligman's experiment on learned helplessness, the dogs in the control group

Accepted Answer

A)   jumped over the barrier to the safe area of the cage.
B)   could not learn to escape the shocks.
C)   refused to move, even when prompted.
D)   took all the shocks the experimenters gave them without moving.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

A pigeon gets a food reward each time it pecks at a blue disk. Because of generalization, the pigeon would also peck at

Accepted Answer

A)   a black disk.
B)   a white disk.
C)   an orange disk.
D)   a green disk.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

A neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing after repeated pairings with other reinforcers is

Accepted Answer

A)   a primary reinforcer.
B)   a secondary reinforcer.
C)   an operant.
D)   a satisfier.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

What is observational learning?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning is lear...

Question 13

What are the stimuli that can serve as reinforcers without learning because they fulfill basic biological needs?

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers
B)   operants
C)   secondary reinforcers
D)   satisfiersE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

Parents could use shaping procedures to teach small children to do all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)   eat with a spoon.
B)   pronounce words correctly.
C)   dress themselves.
D)   associate their bed with sleep.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

A limitation of punishment is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   prevents the use of reinforcers.
B)   suppresses rather than extinguishes behaviours.
C)   makes it impossible to establish new, desirable behaviours.
D)   rapidly loses its effectiveness for individuals.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

An involuntary response to a particular stimulus, such as an eye-blink response to a puff of air or salivation to food placed in one's mouth, is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   modified behaviour.
B)   conditioned response.
C)   vicarious response.
D)   reflex.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Responses are conditioned more effectively when the reinforcement is immediate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The passive resignation to aversive conditions learned by repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events is called

Accepted Answer

A)   learned helplessness.
B)   the partial-reinforcement effect.
C)   avoidance learning.
D)   the magnitude of punishment effect.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

In original trials with his dogs, Pavlov identified the tone as the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How does classical conditioning explain the extinction of a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

If the conditioned stimulus is presented...

Exam 5: Learning

A limitation of punishment is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning has a role in all of the following, except

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In original trials with his dogs, Pavlov identified the tone as the unconditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is descriptive of operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does classical conditioning explain the extinction of a conditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedIf the conditioned stimulus is presented...View AnswerShow Answer

An involuntary response to a particular stimulus, such as an eye-blink response to a puff of air or salivation to food placed in one's mouth, is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parents could use shaping procedures to teach small children to do all of the following, except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extinction requires which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Overmeier and Seligman's experiment on learned helplessness, the dogs in the control group

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In higher-order conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus and response are actually previously conditioned stimuli and responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pigeon gets a food reward each time it pecks at a blue disk. Because of generalization, the pigeon would also peck at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, which element functions as a signal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing after repeated pairings with other reinforcers is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sirens on police cars, fire trucks, and ambulances do not sound exactly alike, but because of ________ we react similarly to them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Responses are conditioned more effectively when the reinforcement is immediate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The passive resignation to aversive conditions learned by repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is behaviour modification?

Correct AnswerverifiedBehaviour modification involves the syst...View AnswerShow Answer

What is observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedObservational learning is lear...View AnswerShow Answer

What are the stimuli that can serve as reinforcers without learning because they fulfill basic biological needs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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If the conditioned stimulus is presented...
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Behaviour modification involves the syst...
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Observational learning is lear...
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