Question 1

Which of the following pathways is activated during the cephalic phase of gastrointestinal control?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic nerves to enteric nervous system
B)  secretion of cholecystokinin
C)  secretion of secretin
D)  parasympathetic nerves to enteric nervous system
E)  short reflexes between the small intestine and stomachF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

The function of micelles is to store the products of lipid digestion,facilitating their absorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  the esophagus
B)  pancreatic exocrine cells
C)  pancreatic duct cells
D)  the liver
E)  the large intestineF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Contraction of the circular smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract wall decreases the diameter of the lumen,while contraction of the longitudinal smooth muscle shortens the tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  bleeding,edema,and ulceration anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract
B)   pain relief when changing to a diet higher in fiber
C)  perforations in the mucosa and intestinal wall leading to infection by bacteria which are normally present and benign
D)  inflammation and thickening of the bowel wall to the point of preventing the usual passage of feces
E)  pain in the lower right abdomen frequently mistaken for appendicitisF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Which is TRUE about gastric motility?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic electrical rhythm of the gastric smooth muscle (three depolarizations per minute) is the same regardless of whether or not food is present.
B)  Gastric contractions are strongest in the fundus of the stomach.
C)   The force of contraction is decreased by gastrin and increased by enterogastrones.
D)  When a wave of excitation reaches the pyloric sphincter,action potentials become inhibitory and the sphincter opens wide to allow chyme to exit.
E)  The term,"slow waves" refer to gastric contractions,while "pacemaker" refers to gastric action potentials.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

In patients lacking exocrine pancreas secretion,fat digestion is normal provided bile is still produced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which accurately describes lipase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is mainly produced in the liver,and secreted into the small intestine.
B)  It emulsifies lipids.
C)  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.
D)  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas,and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.
E)  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Normally,the amount of bicarbonate ions secreted into the intestine nearly equals the amount of acid secreted by the stomach during digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which is TRUE regarding the three phases of the control of HCl secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the intestinal phase,an increase in osmolarity of the contents of the duodenum decreases HCl secretion.
B)  In the gastric phase,distension of the stomach decreases HCl secretion.
C)  In the cephalic phase,increased nutrient concentration in the duodenum stimulates HCl secretion.
D)   In the intestinal phase,increased peptide concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion.
E)  In the gastric phase,decreased H+ concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Three enzymes secreted by the pancreas and important for protein digestion are trypsin,chymotrypsin,and pepsin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During a meal,peristalsis is the predominant form of movement in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following enzymes is most active at an acidic pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase
B)  lipase
C)  trypsin
D)  pepsin
E)  chymotrypsinF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding lipid digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK,which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.
B)  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin,which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.
C)  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin,which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.
D)  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.
E)  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin,which inhibits motility of the large intestine.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells in the stomach secrete enterokinase,which breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
B)  Pepsin and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes that are most active in an acid pH.
C)  More acid is secreted during the digestion of a high-protein meal than during the digestion of a meal containing little protein.
D)  The presence of peptides in the stomach inhibits secretion of gastrin.
E)  Proteins are too large to pass through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Bile pigments:

Accepted Answer

A)  are important for fat digestion.
B)  are formed from catabolism of the globin part of hemoglobin.
C)  impart color to the bile,feces,and urine.
D)  are amphipathic molecules that emulsify fats.
E)  are completely reabsorbed in the distal ileum.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

During the contractions of gastric emptying:

Accepted Answer

A)  the stomach is induced to contract by increased sympathetic activity.
B)  the pyloric sphincter opens to allow stomach contents to pass quickly and completely into the duodenum.
C)  the pyloric sphincter closes to allow only a small amount of liquefied chyme to pass into the duodenum with each contraction of the stomach.
D)  the strength of stomach wall contractions is increased when the duodenum secretes cholecystokinin.
E)  the strongest contractions are in the antrum of the stomach because the intrinsic pacemaker frequency is fastest there.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following statements about neural control of digestion is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic stimulation is excitatory to digestion.
B)  Sympathetic stimulation is generally inhibitory to digestion.
C)  Local neural networks (nerve plexuses) regulate digestive functions.
D)  Nerve plexuses receive input from the autonomic nervous system
E)  Parasympathetic stimulation inhibits GI exocrine gland secretions.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Which occurs during the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a decrease in the pH of blood in the hepatic portal circulation.
B)  Bicarbonate ions are secreted into the hepatic portal circulation.
C)  Chloride ions are pumped from the cytosol of the gastric epithelial cells into the hepatic portal circulation blood.
D)  Both H+ and K+ are actively pumped from the epithelial cell cytosol into the lumen of the stomach.
E)  Vesicles containing H+/K+ -ATP-aseoteins are endocytosed into vesicles within the gastric epithelial cells.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Lactose intolerance is caused by an amylase deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the contractions of gastric emptying:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three enzymes secreted by the pancreas and important for protein digestion are trypsin,chymotrypsin,and pepsin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normally,the amount of bicarbonate ions secreted into the intestine nearly equals the amount of acid secreted by the stomach during digestion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pathways is activated during the cephalic phase of gastrointestinal control?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a meal,peristalsis is the predominant form of movement in the small intestine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which accurately describes lipase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contraction of the circular smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract wall decreases the diameter of the lumen,while contraction of the longitudinal smooth muscle shortens the tract.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is TRUE about gastric motility?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which occurs during the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric epithelial cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The function of micelles is to store the products of lipid digestion,facilitating their absorption.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about neural control of digestion is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In patients lacking exocrine pancreas secretion,fat digestion is normal provided bile is still produced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding lipid digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bile pigments:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lactose intolerance is caused by an amylase deficiency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is most active at an acidic pH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is TRUE regarding the three phases of the control of HCl secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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